高强度训练及营养摄入不足对专业女子体操运动员青春期的影响

笔者选择15名(年龄13.6±1.2岁)专业女子体操运动员作调查对象,通过对青春期前期和青春期骨骼发育成熟程度,脑垂体轴、性腺轴、肾上腺轴等的激素水平的评价和间接测量法对体脂的测定。探讨训练强度和营养摄入对运动员青春期生长发育的影响。结果表明女子专业体操运动员较正常同龄人的骨骼发育延迟1.7年,体内脂肪和皮下脂肪明显减少,而青春期雌二醇水平较青春期前期无明显升高(17.6±4.2p∥ml对23.9pg/ml),初潮年龄延迟2至3岁,加之营养摄入失调,影响青春期正常生长发育,因此制订适宜的训练计划和营养摄入量,对女子体操运动员青春期生长发育是非常必要的。

Affect of Pubertal Development in Female Professional Gymnasts Caused by Intensity Physical Training and Inadequate Nutritional Intake

Fifteen female (13.6 ± 1.2 years) professional gymnastes were enlisted in this study. Skeletal maturation and hormonal levels of the hypophyseal, gonadal, and adrenal axes were estimated. Prepubertal and puberatl stages were determined, and body composition was measured using indirect methods. The gymnasts showed bone retardation (1.7 years), reduced height potential, minimal fat mass, no significant increase in pubertal oestradiol levels (17.6 ± 4.pg/ml vs. 23.9 ± 13.4pg/ml), and delayed menarche (2 to 3 years) . Nutritional intake was insufficient in all gymnasts. Here we evaluate how high intensity training in combination with nutrtional intake affects pubertal development. As a result, optimal nutritional intake relative to physical training regimes is essential for gymnast pubertal development.