从《史记》到《冻苏秦衣锦还乡》看叙事焦点的转移

元杂剧《冻苏秦衣锦还乡》取材于《史记》中的《苏秦列传》、《张仪列传》,但是在《史记》的基础上,剧作家通过采用情节移植、设置悬念、改简略为具体的艺术手法,实现了叙事焦点的转移。《史记》关注的是苏秦的政治作为,而杂剧关注的是苏秦在争取功名前后亲人之间的关系,通过苏秦前后的落魄与富贵来表现人情冷暖、世态炎凉。从重历史到重人情,苏秦的形象也发生了一些改变,司马迁笔下的苏秦是一个才华横溢的纵横家形象,而元杂剧中的苏秦还参杂着落魄文人的形象,并且恩怨思想更为明显。

The Transition of Narrative Focal Point-from Historical Records to Dong Suqing Back Home with Great Wealth

Dong Suqing Back Home with Great Wealth,one of Yuan operas,is taken from Suqing’s Biographies and Zhang Yi’s Biographies in Historical Record.But on the basis of Historical Records,the dramatist achieved to transfer the narrative focal point,by using some means of artistic expression,like transferring scenario,setting up suspense and changing simple to details.The focal point of Historical Records is Suqing’s political achievements,while Yuan opera is focusing on the relationship between Suqing’s relatives before and after him got the scholarly honor,which exposed the realism in the society.Changing from history to human relationship,Suqing’s image also changed.What we can see from Sima Qian is a brilliant Suqing,while in Yuan opera,Suqing is also a sorehead bookman,with much more obvious opinions for feeling of gratitude and resentment.