法制还是人治：中国古代社会律法与权威意志的共生与冲突

中国古代拥有完善的法律体系，但并不能就据此简单地认为古代中国是一个法制国家。谕旨作为君主的命令和意思表达，在中国具有最高的效力，它与律法一同在中国的社会和政治运行中发挥着影响。虽然谕旨可以是律法的补充和解释，然而在许多时候，它却对法律起着破坏性作用。律法在中国古代政治中对权力是一种制约，但这种制约在政治权威面前是十分脆弱的。在君主专制体制下，人们将政治清明的理想寄托于个人，于是出现了“清官政治”的概念。作为地方政治权威典范的清官政治在古代中国社会的可能性和现实性是值得探讨的。

Rule by Law or Rule of Man: the Co-existence and Conflicts between Social Laws and Authority Will in Ancient China

Ancient China had a perfect legal system,according to which ancient China cannot be simply considered a country ruled by law.As the emperor's order and will expression,holy decrees had the supreme effect in China.Holy decrees had the influence on social and political operation together with law.Holy decrees could serve as the supplement and explanation of law;however,in many cases,it played the role of law destroyer.Law was the restriction on power in ancient China's politics.But this kind of restriction wa...