《诗经·木瓜》主旨论析

《诗经·木瓜》“投我以木瓜，报之以琼琚。非报也，永以为好也。”是脍炙人口的诗句，关于其主旨却众说纷纭：孔子说“见苞苴之礼行”，汉代贾谊说“下之报上”，《诗序》以为“卫人报美齐桓公之恩”；宋代朱熹首倡“男女相赠答”之说，影响甚大；后来又有“厚报说”，认为只是一般意义上的报答，非必指“卫报齐桓”或“男女赠答”。斟酌各家之说，见仁见智，各执其端，而于理皆通。“诗无达诂”，此一显证；同时也说明诗歌创作的目的与功能并不完全对应，而其“能指”往往大于其“所指”。不过，过度解读虽增加了诗歌的文化内涵，却偏离了诗歌的本来意旨。

The Discussions about the Purport of the Poem of Mu Gua from The Book of Songs

The poem Mu Gua from The Book of Songs read：＂ who gives me some Mu Gua; I will repay him some jades, that is not only for the repaying, but also for the friendship.＂ This is a sentence on everybody＇s lips. The opinions about the purport of The poem is varied： Confucius said：＂ It was a courteous act＂ The Han dynasty scholar Jia Yi says：＂ It was a subordinator＇s repaying the higher authorities.＂ The preface of The Book of Songs says：＂ It was the men of Wei feud repay the Qi Huan Gong Who is the Qi ieud＇s authority .＂ Zhu Xi, a scholar of Song dynasty says：＂ It was the man and the woman who send gifts to each other.＂ This creative idea had great influence on the idea of the rich and generous repayment. It is thought that it＇s a repay in general meaning and that has no special ideas like that. The author considers all the ideas and holds that different people look at things in a different way. All is reasonable and a poem has abundant meanings and the affection is larger than the purport. But the excessive explanation contributes to the poem＇s cultural connotation but also diverges the original intention of the poem.