清代科举经费的管理制度研究

滥觞于宋代的科举经费初以资助士子旅费为主,明代经由里甲银支出对士子的资助范围有所增加,然终不为常例。直至清代,科举经费支出才成为国家财政的一项经制支出,遵循"入有额征,支有额出"的规定,一般支出内容为乡试士子的路费、会试举人路费、考官路费、科场经费和赏赐费用。但是科举经费支出数额较少,与其抡才大典的地位多有不符,为了保证这笔经费的有效使用,清政府制定了一套管理科举经费的制度,这项制度适时而变,不断寻求规制中的突破,以期科举经费效率的最大化,结果庶几如是。

On the Management System of Imperial Examination Funds in the Qing Dynasty

Originated in the Song Dynasty,imperial examination funds mostly finance the examinees travelling expenses to attend imperial examinations.In the Ming Dynasty,the funds come from Lijiayin and support more examinees but not regular anyway.The funds do not become one part of government budget until the Qing Dynasty,and they followa rule called "tax what it need,spend what it must".The expenditure includes the travelling expenses of the examinees attending country examination and metropolitan examination,the ...