创新导入的接力赛——健康码案例中的初创企业、平台企业和地方政府

2019年底中国新冠肺炎的应对中，传统“智慧城市”项目普遍表现不佳，“健康码”这一自下而上的创新却获得巨大成功。研究基于一手访谈和公开材料，选取了三个代表性的健康码案例，通过过程回溯还原了创新价值链的真实顺序，检验了以智慧城市为代表的传统创新导入假说；并通过案例对照考察了创新生态中的不同角色，提出了一个因果机制以解释健康码的成功：初创企业的试错、平台企业的赋能、以及地方政府的协调，三者缺一不可且顺序不能颠倒。最后总结了这个创新导入的“接力赛”模式、其政策含义以及对理解一般化创新规律的启发。

A relay race between startups,platform enterprises,and local governments: A case study of the Health Code in the Coronavirus Endemic

When abruptly confronting the coronavirus endemic in the end of 2019, China’s heavily invested Smart City project did little good, while the urgently developed Health Code achieved great success. Based on personal interviews and open reports, the paper studies three different types of health codes, and uses these cases to testify the rationale of Smart City and, in light of the theory of innovation ecology, to develop a hypothesis of innovation value-chain. To be more specific, the paper argues that a successful introduction of technological innovation to social governance has to go through a relay race between the trial-and-error of the starups, the empowerment of platform enterprises, and the coordination of local governments, all of them being indispensable and their join force following the right sequence. As we believe, this relay race model of health code shall shed new light on the general patterns of innovation diffusion and have policy implications for countries promoting indigenous innovations.