企业创新的类型与特征：战略、行业与规模差异——基于国家级创新型企业全样本调查问卷分析

企业创新类型与其战略具有一致性，并因企业所在行业不同、企业经济规模大小而有所差异，是创新政策制订与实施中所需重点考察的。基于国家级创新型企业全样本的调查分析结果再次证明了这一点，同时还发现如下新的创新特征：一是当前创新型企业技术创新以产品创新为主，兼顾工艺创新，特别是在大型创新项目上二者结合紧密；二是虽然企业战略、行业特征与规模差异导致企业创新的多样性，创新型企业多将目标市场定位在全球市场，有53%的企业的创新达到国际市场新的水平；三是中型企业、设备制造行业等创新类型与特征值得在创新政策制订中给予重点关注。

Type and Characteristic of enterprise Innovation: Difference of its Strategy,industry and Size----Based on a Questionnaire Analysis of the Full Sample of National IOEs

It’s coherence between innovative type and its strategy in enterprises, and there are some difference of enterprise innovation in different industries and different size, which is an important point to be considered in the process of making innovation policy. This is demonstrated in our questionnaire analysis of the full sample of national innovation-oriented enterprise(IOEs). The questionnaire analysis also discovers following new characteristics of the enterprise innovation. First, product innovation is the main type of innovation of IOEs, meanwhile giving consideration to process innovation, but there is bonded closely between product innovation and process innovation in the big innovative project. Second, most IOEs have located their innovative aims on global market and there is 53% IOEs whose novelty of new product is on the level of international market new, although there is diversity of IOEs innovation that is caused by difference of strategy, industry and size of enterprise. Third, innovative type and characteristics of middle-size IOEs and IOEs in the equipment manufacture industries are worth to be pay more attention to in the process of making innovation policy.