A three-dimensional forward dynamics model of the golf swing |
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Authors: | Sasho James MacKenzie Eric J Sprigings |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, PO Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada;(2) College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada |
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Abstract: | Previously, forward dynamic models of the golf swing have been planar, two-dimensional (2D) representations. Research on live
golfers has consistently demonstrated that the downswing is not planar. This paper introduces and evaluates the validity of
a 3D six-segment forward dynamics model of a golfer. The model incorporates a flexible club shaft and a variable swing plane.
A genetic algorithm was developed to optimise the coordination of the model’s mathematically represented muscles (torque generators)
in order to maximise clubhead speed at impact. The kinematic and kinetic results confirmed previous findings on the proximal
to distal sequencing of joints and the muscles powering those joints. The validity of the mathematical model was supported
through comparisons of the model’s swing kinematics and kinetics with those of a live golfer. |
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