智能机器人及其教学应用:创新意蕴与现实挑战

第三次人工智能浪潮的到来,掀起了人类历史上最具颠覆性的智能化革命,深刻地改变了技术与人的关系。以人工智能(AI)为驱动力的智能机器人技术,正逐步进入学校与课堂,赋能教学创新,催生了整合智能机器人的新型教学与学习生态系统。基于此,从智能机器人的内涵出发,梳理智能机器人的发展特征与教学功能;结合智能机器人的教学应用典型案例,审视智能机器人作为教学赋能之要素。通过计算与连接工具,探讨智能机器人助力精准教学、实践创新能力培养,开展智慧学伴、智能测评、大数据教学过程管理、人机协同"双师课堂"等方面的教学应用;从教学系统变革层面出发,以智能机器人为增强要素,促进教育系统的协同与治理;支持教师数字素养提升,补偿性教育技术应用,教学管理智能化,助力学校教育"智"理等;同时,结合现实提出智能机器人在教学应用中面临的五大挑战,以期为智能时代智能机器人的教育应用与发展,提供参考与思路。

AI Robots and Instructional Applications: Innovation Implications and Realistic Challenges

The arrival of the third wave of artificial intelligence has set off the most radical intelligent revolution in human history and profoundly changed the relationship between technology and human. Robotics supported by artificial intelligence(AI),gradually entering schools and classrooms, empower learning and innovation, and are spawning a new instructional and learning ecosystem that integrates AI robots. This article starts from the connotation of AI robots, sorts out the development characteristics and teaching functions of AI robots;combines typical examples of AI robot pedagogical applications, regards AI robots as teaching enabling elements, and discusses AI robots to help precision teaching and practice through calculation and connection tools, typical applications in the areas of innovative ability training, intelligent learning companionship, intelligent assessment, management of big data teaching processes and double-teacher classroom with human-machine cooperation;meanwhile, from the perspective of reforming the teaching system, the AI robot is regarded as an enhancement factor to promote the coordination and governance of the education system, and to promote teachers’ digital literacy, support teachers with technology, intelligent teaching management;and put forward five challenges of the application of AI robots in reality, with a view of providing reference ideas for the application and development of AI robot education in the intelligent era.