关于当前博士研究生培养改革的思考

当前,为了更好地促进博士研究生创新精神和创新能力的培养,不断提高博士研究生的培养质量,我们需要不断深化教育改革,而正确认识博士研究生培养尤其是课程改革是其前提。对此,我们需要从以下几方面进行反思:第一,博士研究生按一级学科管理与培养是两个不同范畴,不能简单将两者等同化,即以管理思维来化约培养过程中的复杂性与多样性;第二,无论是就历史还是就现实而言,博士研究生教育的关键环节不是课程而是科研训练,为博士研究生教育提供共同的知识基础是本科、硕士阶段教育的责任,博士研究生的培养与课程设计的权力应在基层培养单位而不是行政部门;第三,虽然在不同时期,实质性功用和形式性功用使探究性、个性化的研究生课程教学成为研究生培养过程之一,但当前我国博士研究生培养的问题应在于培养目标的厘清,而非课程建设。为此,哥伦比亚大学教师学院的相关做法或许值得我们借鉴。

On current reform of doctoral student education

Currently,for better cultivating the innovative spirit and ability of doctoral students,constantly improving the quality of doctoral students,we have to deepen the education reform,and the correct understanding of doctoral students′cultivation especially the curriculum reform is its premise.In this regard,we need to reflect on the following aspects.First,the management and training of doctoral students according to the first-level discipline are two different categories,which can not be simply assimilated,that is to say,the complexity and diversity in the training process shouldn′t be simplified by management thinking.Second,whether in terms of history or reality,the key link of doctoral education is not curriculum but scientific research training.It is the responsibility of undergraduate and master′s education to provide a common knowledge base for doctoral education.The power of doctoral training and curriculum design lies in the grass-roots training units rather than the administrative departments.Third,although in different periods,substantive and formal functions make inquiry and personalized graduate curriculum teaching one of the graduate training processes,it is to clarify the training objectives that is problem of training doctoral students in our country,rather than the curriculum construction.For this reason,the relevant practices of Teachers College of Columbia University may be worthy of our reference.