从传统GDP到可持续发展GDP的历史性转变——可持续发展GDP研究及对中国的意义

传统GDP是人类解决国民财富核算问题的一座里程碑。但二战以来,不合理的经济增长方式所导致的全球环境恶化、资源枯竭等问题使它面临严重挑战。如何从传统GDP向可持续发展GDP转变,成了国际学术界广泛探讨的理论问题。改革开放30年来,我国传统GDP虽然有了显著提高,但片面追求传统GDP的短期行为也导致自然资本过度折旧,社会资本存量锐减,人力资本效率低下。在这样的背景下,研究可持续发展GDP在我国同样有重大的理论和现实意义。国外可持续发展GDP的很多思想和成果是中国经济社会发展必须借鉴的。概括和总结国外相关研究,可以发现可持续发展GDP沿着可持续发展———环境可持续发展三角———机会可持续发展的轨迹演进;而建立可持续发展GDP,首先应扩展传统资本的外延,使其在人造资本的基础上纳入自然资本、人力资本和社会资本,然后对四大资本进行实物度量和价值核算,在不同资本价值互补和替代的基础上计算可持续发展GDP。对于当代中国来说,可持续发展GDP经过改造可作为科学发展观的指标体系,用来指导我国的宏观经济运行。同时,也为我国可持续发展指标体系的开发提供了借鉴和研究的起点。

A Historical Change from Traditional GDP to Sustainable Development GDP:Significance of Sustainable Development GDP Research to China

The traditional GDP has been a milestone of means by which human beings assess the wealth of a nation.But since the Second World War,irrational economy growth that has causes severe global environmental deterioration,resources exhaustiveness,and other problems,has come to austere challenge.It has therefore been a theoretical issue widely discussed in the international academia that the traditional GDP should be transformed into sustainable development GDP.Since the past 30 years of reform,the traditional GDP in China has been developing rapidly,but the short-term behaviors for promoting the traditional GDP has also led to such problems as over-depreciation of natural capital,sharp decrease in social ca-pital,and inefficient human capital.To study sustainable development GDP against such a background means important theoretical and realistic significance.Actually,many of the overseas routines and achievements of sustainable development GDP are enlightening to Chinese economy advancement.However,to set up sustainable development GDP should first of all extend the traditional capital in order to take in——on the basis of man-made capital——natural capital,human capital and social capital,undertake substantial measure and value assessment of the four capitals,and calculate the sustainable development GDP by the complementality and substitution of different capital values.For the present China,the transformed sustainable development GDP may be set up as the index of scientific development outlook to guide the macro-economy operation.Meanwhile,it may also shed light on the explorations of the sustainable development index system and may be taken as the starting point for research.