同侪约束型学习小组的功能及其构建原则

在一个旨在提供同侪约束机制的学习小组里，单个学生的努力、诚信可以明显提高同组其他同学的获益，偷懒、作弊行为则会向同组其他同学施加成本。通过划分小组，使原来处于混沌状态的课堂产生某种有序的结构，在这种结构中，即便没有教师的监督，学生也能自动选择诚信、努力的行为模式。教师要善于通过有效的引导以及对小组规模、成员构成、考核方式的适当设计，充分发挥这一课堂组织模式对学生努力水平的激励作用。

Functions and Rules of Peer Constraint Study Groups

A Peer Constraint Study Group provides a mechanism whereby the efforts and integrity of a single student will markedly increase the returns of the other members, thus getting "rewarded" while lazy or cheating activities may foist noticeable costs on the others, thus resulting in credible "punishment". By dividing students into groups, the previous chaotic class instructions may grow into a sort of regular structure in which the students will automatically choose honest and diligent behavior pattern regardless of supervision from the instructor. This research suggests that instructors take proper steps to streamline the group size, its membership and assessment in order to make the most of the group stimulating functions.