司马迁哲学史学思想述略

司马迁是著名的史学家，也是一位哲学家和哲学史家，在哲学史学方面颇有造诣。从司马迁对哲学流派的评判态度、论孔子的历史地位、论先秦哲学流派的起源与演变，以及哲学史的写作方法等情形，可知：用通变的观点观察学说的兴衰史，将学说的兴废同政治环境的变化联系起来进行考察，是司马迁哲学史学的一大特色；《史记》创立了评传体的哲学史写作体例，成为史论结合的先驱。

Sima Oian's Theory and Writing of the History of Philosophy

Sima Qian is a famous historian. He can also be ranked in his times among the philosophers and historians in the history of philosophy, for he made many achievements in the history of philosophy. The present essay examines Sima Qian's criticism on the philosophical schools, evaluation of Confucius, and compilation of the history of philosophy, etc. One of the prominent characteristics of his history of philosophy is that he examines the rise and decline of a theory in the perspectives of the unity of continuity and changes and combines theory and the changes of political circumstances. He establishes a style of the combination of criticism and biography in the compilation of history of philosophy.