论辩 理性 良知

论辩便是"公开地运用自己的理性",现代法制是启蒙理性的成果。但理性不能保证发现绝对真理,也不能保证绝对正义,因为存在两种影响理性起作用的障碍：本体论障碍和价值论障碍。前者是绝对不可排除的,但后者的排除有赖于良知。现代人一味用智逐利,重智轻德,故正义往往只存在于利益集团内部,集团为本身利益可置正义于不顾,民族国家为本身利益亦可置正义于不顾。为纠正现代社会的种种弊端,人类必须智德并重。理性须有良知的帮助才能获得真理,须与良知合作才可导致正义。

Argument,Reason and Conscience

Argument is'using one's reason publicly', and modern legal institution is the achievement of reason from the Enlightenment. But reason can guarantee neither the discovering of truth nor social justice, because there are two obstacles to hinder its functions: ontological obstacle and moral obstacle. Human beings can never remove the ontological one, but can remove moral one if they have good conscience. Today, people always make the best use of their intelligence, but pay little attention to virtue. Therefore social justice is withering. People should realize that reason can only guarantee truth and justice with the help of conscience.