“文化与人格”的研究及其教育意义

20世纪以来,人类学对"文化与人格"的诸多研究从不同角度揭示了个体、文化与社会的互动性。早期受精神分析学影响,文化与人格学派认为不同文化的儿童教养方式会塑造出不同的人格,30-40年代,该学派对不同社会的文化模式进行研究,60年代后,则转向对文化内部的差异进行跨文化比较。通过回顾"文化与人格"的诸多研究,对当今教育促进个体的人格发展有几点启示:应重视家庭和社区的文化氛围,开展性别教育,引入科学的性教育,利用新媒体实现共同学习,关注个体成长中的亚文化。

On Application of Research of Culture and Personality to Education

Since the 20th century, Anthropology studies of culture and personality have showed interaction between society and culture and personality. Influenced by Freud＇s psychoanalysis in its early time, the school of culture and personality believed that different child rearing patterns in different cultures formed different types of personality. During 1930s-1940s, the research of cultural patterns of different community was done. Since 1960s, culture and personality turn to cross-cultural research. Nowdays, the research of Culture and Personality can be applied in various educational sectors, such as family culture and community culture, gender education, sex education, new media to commonly learning, and to focus on the subculture of individuals.