“五四”精英与近代中国政党政治

知识分子一开始就介入了中国政党政治的发育过程。资产阶级知识分子自国外引入"政党"概念,并在接受、传播和改造这一概念的过程中,一面消解了国人对"党"的心理障碍,一面身体力行直接参与了政党的实践。但他们对"政党"与"革命党"的刻意区分,也造成了国人对政党知识的某种误读。而这种误读直到五四时期才被逐步纠正过来。从中国共产党的酝酿和创建看,早期马克思主义者就很少受到上述限制。与老一代的知识分子不同,这批新一代的知识精英更具不依附于政治权力的独立性特征。"五四"以后,他们在马克思主义的指导下,一面着手在知识青年中建党,以完成"党化",一面又大力推进国共合作,以实施"化党",并最终在"党化"与"化党"的事实推演中,逐步找到了一条改造政党、变革中国的有效途径。

May-Forth Elites and Development of Party Politics in Modern China

The Chinese intellectual elites participated in the development of the party politics from the very beginning.The bourgeois intellectuals introduced the concept of political party from the West into China,and in the process of acceptance,propagation,and remolding,they relieved the psychological obstacles among the Chinese people about the party while taking part in its practice directly and personally.However,owing to their deliberate distinction between the "political party" and "revolutionary party",they led some people to misread the knowledge of political parties.This misreading was not corrected until the May-Fourth Movement.From the deliberation and creation of the Chinese Communist Party,the early Marxists were rarely subjected to above restrictions.Different from the older generation of intellectuals,the new generation of intellectual elites were more independent from political power.After the May-Fourth Movement and under the guidance of Marxism,they founded the Party among the young people on the one hand,and promoted the cooperation of the Chinese Communist Part and the Kuomintang.They gradually found an effective way to remolding the Party and reforming China.