听障成人汉语唇读理解能力的发展研究

为了从年龄、性别和语言级别三方面探讨听障成人汉语唇读理解能力的发展趋势,研究以听障成人为被试,以汉字、词语、语句为实验材料,采用视频-图片匹配范式,测量不同年龄、不同性别被试汉语唇读理解的正确率与反应时。结果发现:(1)听障青年人的汉语唇读理解正确率显著高于听障中年人与老年人;反应速度由快到慢依次是听障青年人、听障中年人与听障老年人。(2)听障女性与听障男性的汉语唇读理解正确率与反应时无显著性差异。(3)听障成人汉语唇读理解词语的正确率显著高于语句和汉字;语言级别的反应速度由快到慢依次为词语、汉字、语句。研究结果表明:听障成人的汉语唇读理解能力有年龄差异,表现为随着年龄的增长而下降;无性别差异;听障成人具有汉语唇读理解词语优势。

The Development of Chinese Lipreading Comprehension Ability of Adults with Hearing Impairment

This study adopted a video-picture matching paradigm to explore the developmental trend of Chinese lipreading comprehension ability of hearing-impaired adults from the aspects of age,gender,and language level,using Chinese words,phrases and sentences as experimental materials.The rate and response time of correct lipreading comprehension of different ages and genders were measured.The results showed that: 1) the rate of correct lipreading comprehension for hearing-impaired young adults was significantly higher than that of their middle-aged and elderly counterparts,the ranking of response speed,from fast to slow,was young adults,middle-aged adults and elderly adults;2) there was no significant difference in the rate of correct lipreading comprehension between male and female adults;3) the rate of correct phrase lipreading comprehension was significantly higher than that of sentences and words;the ranking of response speed in terms of language level,from fast to slow,was phrases,words and sentences.The results showed that the Chinese lipreading comprehension ability of hearing-impaired adults had age differences,characterized by a decline with the increase of age;but there was no gender difference;hearing-impaired adults had the advantage of phrase lipreading compared with words and sentences.