革命、改良与革命、晚清革命的起因

本讨论革命的成因，特别是晚清革命的成因，认为现存政权统治衰弱、社会广泛不满和新思潮兴起、以及社会结构变化是历史上革命发生的基本原因。就革命与改良的关系来说，有时改良会避免革命，但更多的情况是改良引起了革命。19世纪末20世纪初，列强的冲击造成清政府衰落加剧，清政府无力抵抗列强侵略导致广泛的社会不满，从而引起了清王朝的统治危机，而晚清新政引起的社会结构及社会思潮变革加速了清政府的灭亡。

Revolution, Improving and Revolution The Cause of Revolution in the Late Qing Dynasty

This article discusses the cause of formation of the Revolution, especially that of revolution in the late Qing dynasty. In the author's opinion, the weakening of ruling, the dissatisfaction of social civil and the rise of new ideology, and the changing of social structure composed the main reasons of revolution in history. As to the relation between revolution and improving, sometimes, the improving can avoid the occurring of revolution; on occasion, it breeds the revolution too. For example, in the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the big powers had impacted the Qing Government. The new deal of the late Qing dynasty brought on the fresh social structure and social ideological trend. Those changing accelerated the extinction of Qing Government.