汉德公式法律适用性分析

1947年,美国法官勒尼德·汉德在"美国诉卡洛尔·波音拖船公司"案中提出了著名的汉德公式,这个运用概率论方法并蕴涵功利主义思想的公式带给了人们很大的启发。作者介绍了汉德公式理论基础——社会观、经济观、道德观、价值观,运用司法案例及道德原理分析了它在法律适用上的作用与局限。汉德公式告诉我们并非所有风险都必须预防,但它与抽象价值的冲突则限制了该公式的运用。

Analysis of the Legal Applicability of the Hand Formula

In 1947, in the case of ＂United States v. Carroll Towing Co. ＂ the judge named Learned Hand of the United States put forward the famous idea of the Hand Formula. The formula using the method of probability theory and contai- ning utilitarianism idea has given people a great deal of enlightenment. The article interprets the Hand Formula and elaborates its theoretical basis - social concept, economic concept, moral concept, values. It also uses the judicial cases and moral principle to analyze its functions and limitations in the legal applicability. The Hand Formula tells us that not all risk must be prevented, but its conflicts with the abstract value limit the use of the formula.