清末学校体育改革的制度更新：基于政策文本的研究

晚清政府为了缓解内忧外患的紧张局面，试图透过自上而下若干领域的制度更新，以回应社会各界现实关切的同时，实现其延续江河日下王权的政治图景。作为晚清改革内容之一的学校体育，也承担着相同的现实诉求。运用文献资料法、内容分析法等研究方法，对晚清（1902－1911）学校体育改革成果—政策文本的分析后发现：（1）清末学校体育政策的类型、制定主体与政策内容较为单一；（2）形成了以权威工具为主，能力工具和象征劝告工具为补充的政策工具类型体系；（3）学校体育改革的重点是建章立制，以促进学校体育发展。

System Innovation of School Sports Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty:A Research Based on Policy Texts

In order to easethe internal and external tensions,the Late Qing Government was forced to launch a top -down system innovation attempt in the hope of responding to social concerns fromall walks of lifeand sustaining its monarchy at the same time. School sports,as part of the reform in the Late Qing Dynasty,also borethe real-istic pursuit for innovation and political purposes. By means of literature review and content analysis,the paper analyzed the policy texts———achievements of school sports reform in the Late Qing Dynasty,finding that:(1) The types,makers and content of school sports policies were quit single;(2)A policy tool system for school sports was developed,which takes the authority tool as its basis,and was supplemented with the ability tool and the symbolic advice tool;(3)The focus of school sports reform was to establish a system to promote the develop-ment of school sports.