历史文学中的封建帝王评价问题

作者们在写古代帝王生活的时候,也要有主体意识的介入,即对帝王及其生活进行评价。把某帝王的所谓千秋功罪做平列式的罗列,堆砌各种资料,拼凑各种细节,虚构具体的场景,东拉西扯,万般铺陈,这都是无济于事的,或没有意义的。作为现代的剧作者还应该运用历史唯物主义(即唯物史观)这个“最现代的思想”去掌握和选择历史资料、去分析历史事实、去评价历史人物、去总结历史的经验与教训,并最终让人对于今天的社会有所“感悟”和联想。评价帝王应该有三要点:我们的作者不要把这些帝王看成是天生的,离开他们历史就不能前进;我们的作者们应当把帝王置于历史发展潮流中去把握,看他是顺应历史潮流呢,还是逆历史潮流而动;要写出帝王形象的思想和心理的复杂性,定量分析没有意义,需要的是写出他们的悖论式悲剧。

Subjective Involvement in Evaluating Feudal Monarchs in Historical Literature

There must be the author's subjective involvement in writing a feudal monarch: he cannot evade his own per- sonal judgment. That is, it is pointless or incredible to list merely all his merits or defects, pile up available materials, piece together details and fabricate some specific scenes. Rather, a writer is inevitable to have a systematic modern ideology of his own, i.e. the vantage point of historical materialism to master and choose historical materials, analyze historical facts, eval- uate historical characters and summarize historical experience and lessons, the ultimate purpose of which is to associate them with the present audiences. In fact, there are three principles a writer should command: ( i) monarchs are not inborn and history should of course not have stopped without them; (ii) they should be put in history and judged for or against the cur- rent; and (iii) their complicated states of thoughts and psychology, as well as their paradoxical tragedies, should be fully de- picted and revealed: quantitative analyses are senseless.