汉语主语成分的预设及若干相关问题探析

汉语主语成分,无论是否由专名(含限定摹状词)充当,无论是由哪些词、短语充当,无论是否与话题成分重合,都是含有存在预设的。主语成分的存在预设可分为物理世界的存在预设和心理世界的存在预设,物理世界的存在预设,又可分为个体的存在预设和类的存在预设;承认心理世界的存在预设是主语预设无例外论的立论关键。所有假说类语句的主语依然含有存在预设。不定指名词项充当主语也必含存在预设。存在句中的主语含有心理世界的存在预设。分析汉语主语成分的存在预设,应注意避免混淆语言表达式的两种不同用法,即:它的提及和它的使用。研究汉语主语成分的预设,有助于深化预设的否定测试法的有效性的认识,有助于深化汉语预设触发语的研究。

On Presupposition of the Subject in Chinese and Some Relevant Problems

Whether the subject in Chinese is as the proper nouns(including definite descriptions) or not,as which kind of words,phrases,and whether it coincides with the topic of ingredients or not,which are all with the existential presupposition.The existential presupposition of the subject in Chinese can be divided into two kinds: the physical world and in the mental world..Actually,to admit the existential presupposition in the mental world is a key to the theory on presupposition in the subject without exception....