试论欧洲中世纪大学的特征与历史地位

西欧的中世纪被历史学家称为“黑暗时代”,然而,正是在这一封闭、落后的时期萌发了人类文明史上的娇艳之花——大学。欧洲中世纪大学在教育理念和课程内容等许多方面,继承了古代东西方,特别是古代希腊、罗马及阿拉伯世界的教育遗产,形成了早期大学的特征。这对世界近现代大学和高等教育机构基本原型的构成产生了深远的影响。文章试图通过对欧洲中世纪大学特征及其作用的阐述和分析,客观评价早期大学的历史地位。

On Characteristics and Historic Significance of Medieval Universities

The Medieval Times of Europe is usually regarded as a "dark period" by many historians,but it is the backward period that gave birth to the most beautiful rose in the history of civilization-university.The European university in medieval times,in terms of educational conception and curricula,inherited from both oriental and occidental civilization,especially ancient Greece,ancient Rome and Arabian world.The medieval university characterized early university,which has turned out to have a profound influence on the modern university and the formation of prototype of higher educational system.This paper tries to give an objective evaluation of historic significance of early university through the analysis of characteristics and functions of medieval university.