Patent collaborations: From segregation to globalization |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Thessaloniki, and Center of Complex Systems, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece;2. Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel;1. Department of Mathematics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;2. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA;3. Graduate Program in Data Science, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, USA;4. Department of Experimental Statistics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, ul. Koszykowa 75, Warsaw 00-662, Poland;2. Deakin University, School of IT, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;3. Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Newelska 6, Warsaw 01-447, Poland;4. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Physics, ul. Koszykowa 75, Warsaw 00-662, Poland;1. Department of Audiovisual Communication, Documentation and History of Art, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain;2. Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group, School of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK;1. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart 70569 Germany;2. CAS, A Division of the American Chemical Society, Custom Services, 2540 Olentangy River Road-1505, Columbus, OH 43202, USA;3. Science Policy and Strategy Department, Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society, Hofgartenstr. 8, Munich 80539 Germany;1. Department of Library and Information Science Education, College of Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Library and Information Science, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Library and Information Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Library and Information Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, and IIT-CNR of Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Siena, Italy;3. Université du Québec à Trois-Riviéres, Canada;4. Université du Québec à Montreal, Canada |
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| Abstract: | We studied the evolution of the European Patent Office (EPO) patents applicants’ collaborations network, within a 35 years span of data (1978–2013). Focusing on the Giant Component (GC) formation process over many time-windows, distributed throughout the data timeline, we found that the features governing this phenomenon are indicative of emerging globalization in the applicants’ collaborations. The timeline appears to be divided into three regimes, corresponding to three states of the network’s evolution. In the early years state, the GC takes long to form and the instant of its creation is easily pinpointed, while it features geographically segregated groups of applicants with technologically similar activities. In contrast, in the late years state, the GC forms quickly, the exact point of its creation is harder to spot, the applicants’ activities are more disparate technologically, while their inter-regional collaborations are significantly increased. The middle years are an intermediate state between the two extreme of early and late years. Moreover, we concluded that the critical patents, which induce the GC’s formation, are typically introduced by large-sized applicants and also that top patent-producing applicants are likely to submit critical patents, albeit at a lower rate than their overall patent submission. Lastly, we uncovered the crucial role that Japan plays in the network’s coherence, through its prominent participation in the GC and the critical patents. |
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