学习策略选择的过程与影响因素

策略选择是自我调节学习的一个重要过程,受到研究者的广泛关注。当前的几种策略选择理论认为,学习者通过权衡执行策略的速度、准确性和努力来选择出最优的策略,策略的选择过程是理性的、适应性的。而来自算术、决策和记忆领域的实证研究关于策略权衡的因素以及策略选择的适应性尚未达成一致的结论。目前策略选择研究主要采用有/无选择法,从策略的效用、任务难度、认知、元认知等方面探讨策略选择的影响因素,得出了一些比较有价值的结论,但这一范式难以揭示个体策略选择的过程,而且生态效度也有限。未来研究可采用微观调节法,结合策略选择的影响因素,探讨学习者在真实学习情境中进行策略选择和学习的过程。

Process and Influence Factors of Learning Strategy Selection

Strategy selection,as a key process in self-regulating learning,has gained much attention.The current relevant theories agree that learners select an optimal strategy through trading off the speed,accuracy,and effort for processing in a rational and adaptive way.But the empirical researches from arithmetic,decision-making,and memory domains have not yet reached a consistent conclusion on the trade-off factors and the adaptability of strategy selection.The present study suggests some valuable conclusions on the utility,task difficulty,cognition,and meta-cognition factors that influence the selection through the choice /no choice method,even though the paradigm is difficult to reveal learners’ strategy selection process,and the ecological validity is limited.Micro-regulation method can be used for future research,to be combined with strategic choice factors,to reveal the strategy selection and learning process in real situations.