乾隆时期西南地区逃兵考论

乾隆朝于西南地区用兵期间屡有逃兵之事，原因在于带兵将吏军事素质低下，临阵脱逃，致使军心不稳，加之瘴疠等因素的影响，逃兵现象十分严重。为肃明军纪，乾隆朝严缉逃兵，拿获即正典刑，对逃兵案中的冒名顶替者更是严惩不怠；同时对逃兵案中疏职的将吏进行处罚，总督巡抚亦难逃其咎。通过缉拿逃兵，固然维护了封建王朝军队的威严，但亦反映出乾隆朝在军事管理方面存在着严重问题，致使对逃兵的缉拿不能取得理想效果。

The Army Deserters of Southwest Region in Qianlong Period

There were many army deserters during the war of southwestern region in Qianlong period. The main reason was that the of- fieers were incompetent and escaped from the battlefield, and the malaria and other factors also affected the soldiers, and so the phenomenon of deserters was very serious in the southwest. In order to maintain the military discipline, the government arrested the deserters and sentenced them to death. The government also punished the irresponsible officers, even the governor - generals. The government maintained the military discipline by punishing the deserters, but it reflected serious problems on military management.