美国和平教育发展对我国教育的启示

美国和平教育是19～20世纪在世界和平运动的促进与指引下在对教育作用的反思的过程中兴起的一种教育思潮。在论述美国和平教育形成的社会背景的基础上，近一步探寻了美国和平教育的哲学理念。为普世知识开辟和平道路的夸美纽斯、主张用实用主义的学科教学促进和平的约翰．杜威、力推培养全球公民意识促进和平的蒙台梭利和用对话与批判推进和平的保罗．弗莱雷等皆为美国的和平教育提供了丰富的理论滋养。美国和平教育也经历了“和平世界愿景的提出——从反战走向积极的和平教育——迎接女性的和平教育——和平危机的时代——和平教育的积极发展”发展轨迹。美国和平教育发展对促进我国教育中对和平教育本质与使命的理解、提高对和平教育重要性的认识等方面都具有一定的启示意义。

The Enlightenments of American Peace Education to Chinese Education

The American peace education, which was promoted and guided by the world peace movement from 19 century to 20 century, was a kind of education thoughts caused in the process of rethinking the function of education. After discussing the forming social background of American peace education, the author did further exploration of the philosophical idea of American peace education. Johann Amos Comenius who opens the road for advocating universal knowledge, John. Dewey who insists to promote peace by using the pragmatic curriculum teaching, Maria Montessori who suggests to promote peace by cultivating the global citizens＇ consciousness, Paulo Freire who insists to promote peace by communication and criticism, and so on are all provide a rich theoretic nourishment for American peace education. The American peace education has also experienced a development path of ＂the promotion of vision of world peace - from anti-war ideas to the positive peace education - to meet the women＇s peace education - the era of peace crisis - the positive development of peace education＂. The development of American peace education has certain significance in promoting the understanding of the na~xe and mission of peace education in our education and improving the awareness of the importance of peace education and other aspects.