20世纪中后期美国基础教育阶段科学教育之嬗变

因前苏联在外层空间的挑战而引发的20世纪50年代末美国大规模教育改革，即学科结构运动，基本上着眼于课程的改革，旨在加强科学科目的教学，培养高级技术人才．70年代初倡导关联课程和人文化课程，目的在于改变普通教育与职业教育分离的现象，但使中小学教育再次走进学术性衰弱的误区．70年代中期出现的“恢复基础”教育热潮，强调基础知识和基本技能的训练，恢复了传统主义教育的一系列做法．80年代掀起的教育改革，着眼于教育的综合改革，以《2061计划》的出台为标志，美国的科学教育进入了一个崭新的时期。

Science Education Reform in the Late 20th Century American Elementary Education

The education system has taken place in a large scale in the US at the end of late 20th century for the challenges of the Soviet Union in the outer space, namely subject structure campaign, which based on the innovation of the subject in a general trend, and it aimed to develop the high-ranking technician through strengthening the education of science subject. At the beginning of the 70s, the related subject and literary subject had been advocated by the US to change the phenomenon o f the separation of the school education and vocational education, but this had led the education of the middle school and the primary school astray into the decline of the science. In the middle of the 70s, the warm wave of the reinstate basic education had arisen, which emphasized the training of basic knowledge and basic skill, and recovered a series practice of traditional education. In the 1980s, the education reform based on the synthetical reform and the emergence of the 2061 project have been taken as the symbol of the science education of the US of a completely new period.