我国生态退化、生态恢复及政策保障研究

中国生态退化呈现为区域性、累积性与综合性的新特点。生态退化的原因主要是：自然环境脆弱、资源利用不合理、资源利用过度以及部门与地区间的利益冲突。生态恢复社会经济发展的必然选择，它符合国际潮流，反映了人们对生态系统服务功能的新认识。西北开发可能加大生态保护的压力，生态建设规划水平低、建设速度赶不上退化速度，而且巩固建设成果的难度大，生态恢复存在着失败风险。生态恢复的政策保障包括保持一定数量的基本农田，调整土地利用结构，发展代替产业政策，用经济手段恢复生态，完善生态恢复的政策体系等。

ECOLOGICAL DEGRADATION AND POLICY IMPLICATION FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN CHINA

Main concerns of this paper are devoted to ecological degradation and its restoration in China.With respect to the ecological degradation in China,which is resulted from the vulnerable natural environment,irrational and excessive use of resources,as well benefit confilcts between different departments and regions,it shows some regional,accumulated and integrated features.Thus,to achieve the sustainable socioeconomic development,ecological restoration is the inevitable selection for China,which indicates human being has newly acknowledged the important role played by the ecological system.Due to the lack of effective measures for ecological construction,the ecological restoration is faced with certain risk of failure.Therefore,it is necessary for China to frame corresponding policies,shuch as insuring a certain amount of basic farmland,adjusting land use structures,developing alternative farming system,intervening by economic instruments,and so on.