物质主义与幸福感:基于自我决定理论的关系探析

物质主义是个体根据自身拥有的物质财产的数量和质量来界定自我概念及成功与否的一种价值观念,通常反映在对物质财富的看重程度上。自我决定理论认为,自主性、能力感和归属感这三种基本心理需要是否满足从根本上决定着幸福感能否产生。物质主义者在追求物质财富的过程中,更倾向于体验到较高的外控感,有意回避生活中的消极体验、消极事件;害怕他人消极评价,倾向于采用防御性自我呈现策略;对物质财物的看重程度远远超过对人际关系的重视程度,知觉到较低的社会支持,因而其自主性、能力感和归属感未能得到适度满足,由此体验到较低的幸福感。营造富有安全感的成长环境、关注经由基本心理需要满足带来的真实幸福和培养感恩等将有助于抵制物质主义及其对幸福感的危害。

Materialism and Sense of Well-being on Self-Determination Theory

Materialism refers to the extent to which one places importance on material wealth in defining self-conception,success,and happiness.The individuals with materialistic values have strong inclination for external control,experiential avoidance,defensive self-presentation,fear of negative evaluation,and low social supports.According to the Self-Determination Theory,such worldview is easy to lead to low satisfaction of basic psychological needs of autonomy,competence,and relatedness,which in turn result in low well-being.It is hence necessary to create a safe developmental environment,to focus on the contribution of basic psychological need of satisfaction to well-being,and to cultivate gratitude in order to prevent from adopting materialistic values.