宋代官员的退休制度

官员年老退休是我国自古至今对国家官员的一项管理制度。宋代对官员的退休年龄、退休待遇等方面问题都有了明确规定,官员退休后基本都能享受原俸禄的一半以上,中高级官员还可享受"恩荫"特权,这虽则保证了退休官员晚年生活,防止了官僚队伍老化,但却形成了有宋一代官僚队伍中的世袭制,影响了政府机能活力的正常运转。

A View of the System of Official Retirement in the Song Dynasty

The retirement of aged officials has continued as an traditional governmental arrangement of our country since the ancient times. The Song Dynasty introduced a set of definite provisions for the ages and treatments of officials' retirement. According to these provisions, all retired officials could basically enjoy half their service salaries, and mid- and high-rank officials could even enjoy some "emperor-authorized" privileges. This arrangement did guarantee the officials' life in their late years and prevent the aging of bureaucracy. On the other hand, it helped shape the inherent tradition in the Song's bureaucracy and seriously affected the normal function of governmental work.