世界一流大学建设中的政府角色研究:以日本和韩国为例

本文从历史的视角,探讨了日本和韩国在建设世界一流大学进程中的政府角色问题。文章认为日本和韩国政府对建设世界一流大学的作用主要体现在通过立法来保障研究型大学在国内高等教育体系中的特殊地位,通过高等教育改革来主导、促进研究型大学的组织创新和学科发展,通过高度重视和财政的倾斜来确保研究型大学的迅速发展,通过赋予研究型大学的特殊使命来主宰研究型大学的发展方向等方面。这种作用从整体来看是正面的,但也存在负面影响,这正是政府要努力规避的。建设世界一流大学的进程中,政府扮演主要角色在东亚国家是一个普遍现象,这与东亚国家的政治背景和文化背景是密不可分的。从日本和韩国建设世界一流大学的经验来看,建设世界一流大学需要政府和学校的通力合作,更需要政府的长期支持和重视,绝不是一个短期努力就可以达到目标的进程。

The Role for Government in Establising the World-class Universities

This paper examines,from the historical perspective,the essential role that the Japanese and Korean governments have performed in the process of establishing world-class research-intensive universities.The major government efforts involve legislatively safeguarding a privileged status of quality-superior research-intensive universities,implementing higher education reform aiming at stimulating organisational innovation and promoting academic development,directing the path of future development of those selected universities by giving them strategic missions and preferential financial support.Whereas the efforts made by the government have generally produced positive results,there are some possible side effects calling for the government to make careful maneuver and readjustment.It is a common phenomenon,in East-Asian political and cultural context,for the governments to act as a predominant force in the national campaign of entering the top world university league table.Judged from the experience of Japan and Korea,this ultimate goal requires concerted efforts of both the governments and the universities concerned,and its achievement may take much more than an impulsive plan and a momentary endeavor.