Child physical abuse and concurrence of other types of child abuse in Sweden-Associations with health and risk behaviors |
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| Authors: | E-M Annerbäck L Sahlqvist C G Svedin G Wingren P A Gustafsson |
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| Institution: | 1. Linköping University, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden;2. Centre for Clinical Research in Södermanland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden;3. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden;4. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden;1. Academic Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Institute for Graduate Studies & Research, Anton de Kom University, Suriname;3. Academic Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. The Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;8. Institute of Child Health, Greece;9. Children’s Human Rights Centre of Albania, Albania;10. University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;11. South-West University “N. Rilski”, Bulgaria;12. University of Zagreb, Croatia;13. University of Skopje, Macedonia;14. Babes-Bolyai University, Romania;15. University of Belgrade, Serbia;p. Associations of Emergency Ambulance Physicians, Turkey;q. Instituto degli Innocenti, Italy;r. University of Nottingham, United Kingdom;1. School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom;2. OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa;3. Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom;4. Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Australia;5. Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Viet Nam;6. Centre for Development and Environment(ZEU), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany;7. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Johann Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo examine the associations between child physical abuse executed by a parent or caretaker and self-rated health problems/risk-taking behaviors among teenagers. Further to evaluate concurrence of other types of abuse and how these alone and in addition to child physical abuse were associated with bad health status and risk-taking behaviors.MethodsA population-based survey was carried out in 2008 among all the pupils in 2 different grades (15 respectively 17 years old) in Södermanland County, Sweden (n = 7,262). The response rate was 81.8%. The pupils were asked among other things about their exposure to child physical abuse, exposure to parental intimate violence, bullying, and exposure to being forced to engage in sexual acts. Adjusted analyses were conducted to estimate associations between exposure and ill-health/risk-taking behaviors.ResultsChild physical abuse was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with adjusted odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.6 to 6.2. The associations were stronger when the pupils reported repeated abuse with OR ranging from 2.0 to 13.2. Also experiencing parental intimate partner violence, bullying and being forced to engage in sexual acts was associated with poor health and risk-taking behaviors with the same graded relationship to repeated abuse. Finally there was a cumulative effect of multiple abuse in the form of being exposed to child physical abuse plus other types of abuse and the associations increased with the number of concurrent abuse.ConclusionsThis study provides strong indications that child abuse is a serious public health problem based on the clear links seen between abuse and poor health and behavioral problems. Consistent with other studies showing a graded relationship between experiences of abuse and poor health/risk-taking behaviors our study shows poorer outcomes for repeated and multiple abuse. Thus, our study calls for improvement of methods of comprehensive assessments, interventions and treatment in all settings where professionals meet young people. |
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