确定古洪水事件的沉积学方法及古洪水研究的应用

洪水是我国常见的自然灾害事件，也是人地关系发展的历史见证之一。古洪水研究的关键是古洪水事件的判别问题。山区河流古洪水产生的平流沉积在沉积层理、沉积体形状、颜色等沉积构造和粒度、分选性、矿物组合等沉积结构方面具有可识别的标志．在洪泛平原区，可以通过对古溃口扇、古漫滩沉积和河道内古平流沉积的识别来确定古洪水事件．利用多种方法对古洪水的研究已经在工程建设、古环境重建等方面得到了应用。

Sedimentological Methods and Use of Paleoflood Research

Flood is a common natural calamity. It is also an evidence of human-environment relation. The key of the paleoflood researches is the discrimination of paleoflood. Slack water deposits of paleofloods in mountain rivers are identifiable in the depositional constructure, such as graded bedding, depositional bodies shape, color, ere, and the depositionai texture,such as grain size, sorting, mineral composition etc. In floodplain, paleoflood incidents can be ascertained through ancient crevasse splay, heach deposits and slack water deposits district. Researches on paleoflood by various methods have been used in engineering construction and rebuilding ancient environment.