体育纪律处罚研究

采用调查和案例分析等方法对体育纪律处罚进行研究。通过分析体育的特点和体育组织的特点，指出在体育纪律处罚中要正视体育的特殊性与法律的一般要求。对体育纪律处罚的各要素和相互间关系加以分析，提炼出体育纪律处罚机制。提出在体育纪律处罚的规则创设、处罚实施和救济3个环节中既维护项目的健康发展，又保护相对人权利应采取的措施：利益各方要直接或间接参与规则制定，公平分配各方权利义务，规则严谨合法；处罚实施严格遵守法定程序，严格依法行使体育纪律处罚权；为相对人提供必要的救济手段。对我国体育纪律处罚现状进行实证分析，指出我国体育纪律处罚存在下列问题：未形成良好的自治模式；未形成纪律处罚法制化的氛围；缺乏程序保障；自设内部程序最高效力而外部救济缺失。为了完善我国体育纪律处罚机制，应增加相对人对规则创设的参与；统一体育纪律处罚机制；完善程序保障制度，实现“最低程度公正”；增加法律专业人士对处罚的参与，提高立法技术，改善执法素质，逐步完善规则；建立体育仲裁制度；确立司法审查制度。

Study on Sports Discipline

This paper studies on sports discipline by using the method of investigation and case study.By analyzing the characteristics of sports and sports organizations,it points out that both the basic requirement of law and the particularity of sports should be followed.The sports discipline system is built by analyzing the factors of sports discipline and the interactions between the factors.These measures balance between keeping the healthy development of sports and protecting the right of sports participants in sports discipline.They include distributing the rights and obligations fairly among all parts,each interest part should participate in rule making procedure directly or indirectly;the rule should be preciseness and legitimate;due process should be followed and necessary remedies are provided.There are problems in sports discipline in China,no good autonomy-ruling mode,no legally environment of sports discipline,no clear regulation of due process,no outside remedies.In order to prefect the China's sports disciplinary mechanism,sports organizations should allow members to participate in rule making and amending;due process;unify the discipline mechanism of sports;improve rule making and executing technology;set up sports arbitration;establishing justice review on sports disputes.