不同水平拳击运动员后手直拳动作技术效果的比较研究

目的：分析和比较不同水平的拳击运动员后手直拳动作技术效果的各项指标的差异，为一般运动员的科学化训练安排、缩短差距提供可针对性参考意见。方法：采用Vicon红外动作捕捉系统、2块kistler测力台和1块测力靶以及同步设备，对优秀组和一般组共16名拳击运动员后手直拳技术动作进行比较分析。选取峰值拳速、接触拳速、拳速衰减率速度指标3个、冲量、峰值力量、相对力量、发力时间、发力率、发力指数力量指标6个、后脚峰值力量、峰值力量时间、快速发力指数指标双脚发力指标3个等指标进行分析。结果：优秀组和一般组在接触拳速和速度衰减率指标差异极显著。测力靶数据6个指标差异显著，下肢测力台指标中，后腿峰值力量/体重以及后脚发力指数存在显著性差异。结论：后手直拳技术动作效果要实现专项技术的"经济性和实效性"特征，重点在后腿积极启动力量，以增加出拳速度和有效击打的"刚性连接结构"为目的的抗阻专项力量训练设计是教练员提升一般运动员后手直拳技术动作效果的关键。

Biomechanics of Rear Straight Punch in Different Level Boxers

This purpose of paper is to analyze the punch effects between different ranks of boxers and provide reference for the special training. Vicon 3D system, 2 Kistler platforms, 1 Kistler target and synchronization equipment were adopted to measure 16 subjects divided into excellent groups and ordinary groups. Three kinematic indexes of namely peak fist speed, contact fist speed and attenuation rate were selected for comparative analysis. Six dynamic indexes were selected to analyze the force measurement target such as impulse, peak force, relative force, time of power generation, rate of power generation and power generation index. The data of the lower-limb force measurement platform were selected to analyze the peak force of the rear foot, peak force time and fast power generation index. It was shown that there were significant differences in the speed and speed attenuation rate between excellent groups and ordinary groups. There were significant differences in six indicators of force target data, peak strength/weight of hind foot and power index/weight of hind foot, and there were significant differences in power index of hind foot. In order to achieve the "economic and actual effect" of the special technique, the technical action effect of the backhand straight punch should focus on the active activation of the back legs, the special strength training design for resistance to increase the speed of throwing punches and the "rigid connecting structure" of effective hitting, which was the key for coaches to improve the effect of straight punches.