从《白虎通义》看汉代儒学及其历史命运

以《白虎通义》为个案，以汉家“独尊儒术”为背景，剖析了周秦以来的社会变动与政治思想“百川归海”的必然性，指出《白虎通义》作为汉章帝“缵兴”汉礼的一部礼典，目的是建立一个“永为后世法”的理想社会，但在专制制度下它根本无法避免“王道”理想与“君本”现实严重冲突，也无法改变汉家王朝走向衰亡的历史命运。由于这种冲突源自历代专制王朝均无法解决的制度性矛盾，因此，通过对该个案的分析，我们也许能看到中国传统社会兴衰循环、停滞不前的答案。

Confucianism during Han Dynasty and Its Historical Destiny as Seen from Ban Gu''''s Baihutong

A case study is made on Ban Cu's Baihutong, the proceedings of a symposium on Han rites held at White Tiger Temple during emperor Zhangdi's reign. With the background of respect Confucianism as dominant ideology during Han Dynasty, the author analyses the social alteration since Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the necessity of "all rivers flow to sea" in political ideology; and points out that Baihutong,aiming at establishing an ideal society to be "followed by later ages forever", was unable to evade the serious clash between the ideal of "benevolent government" and the reality of "take the king as essential" under dictatorial system. and was unable to alter the historical destiny for Han Dynasty to head toward decline and fall. Owing to the facts that this clash was originated from contradiction in system which had not been settled by successive dictatorial dynasties, perhaps, the answers to the cyclic rise and decline as well as the stagnancy of Chinese traditional society can be seen by analysing pathological section of this case.