举重运动员抓举动作脊柱腰椎节段受力特点分析———基于有限元理论

利用CT扫描数据建立具有高度几何材料相似性的腰椎运动节段(L1-L2)的三维有限元模型,分析举重运动员抓举完全起立阶段脊柱腰椎节段生物力学特性,以便对举重运动员腰部损伤进行积极的预防,减少伤病的发生.结果表明:在举重运动员抓举完全起立姿态下,其椎体主要的应力分布在小关节和椎弓根处,椎间盘接触压力主要集中在纤维环中后部,位移主要集中在椎间盘的后外侧;此时,如果杠铃的重量过大,运动员腰部力量不足,引起腰椎关节失稳,会造成椎间盘过分挤压,且在重力的作用下峡部向前剪切力过大可引起峡部裂伤.本研究所建立的腰椎L1-L2节段的三维有限元模型足重要的脊柱生物力学研究平台,可应用于众多相关研究领域.

The Mechanics Characteristic of Lumbar Spine for Weightlifter with Snatch: Based on Finite ElementTheory

The three-dimensional finite element model(L1-L2)of lumbar spine that considers material property and geometric behavior was established using CT datum, the objective is to investigate biomechanic characteristic of the lumbar spine for application of clinical diagnosis and therapy in weightlifter snatch. The results were following: at the neutral position in snatch, stress concentration at inervertebral disc was found at middle-posterior location of annulus fibrosus, displacement at posterior exterior location of intervertebral disc; at the moment, if the weight of barbell is too heavy and the lumbar muscle strength is lack, which can make lumbar joint lack stability and induce intervetebral disc excess extrusion, the excess cutting stress can make isthmus of vertebral crack with gravity. The three-dimensional finite element model of lumbar spine L1-L2 can be applied as a good tool in many fields in vertebral column biomechanics.