教授权威的历史演变

学术组织和学术研究需要权威的开拓和引领,从中世纪到当代,大学中一直存在以知识占有为前提的教授权威。在中世纪大学中,建基于知识占有基础上的教授权威逐渐形成;这种教授权威在19世纪德国大学讲座制中得到制度化;而在19世纪末、20世纪初期美国大学的学系中,教授的权力被分化,教授的权威弱化。在当代,如果我们继续承认能力和自由这两组价值观念在学术组织中必须受到重视,那么,高等教育系统中的教授权威就会继续存在。

On the transformation of the professor's authority

Academic organizations and academic researches require innovations and guidances of authorities.From the Middle Ages to today,universities have never lacked authorities of profound learning.In the Middle Ages,the professor's authority was gradually formed based on the knowledge acquired,which was regulated in the academic chair system in the universities of Germany in the 19th century.However,the authority became weakened at a certain extent in the departments of American universities around 1900.The individual authority in the high education system will exist forever if we recognize the importance of the values of both capability and freedom of academy.