教师培训专业化现状及发展路线图——从“国培计划”的实践误区说起

我国的标志性培训工程——"国培计划",虽然构建了严密的管理网络,形成了基本的管理规范,并在教师能力提升方面取得了成效,但它在培训资源方面偏重"专家引领",在培训实施方面偏重"非学术创新",在管理服务方面偏重"重视程度示范",在学习支持方面偏重"让学习发生",在培训评价方面偏重"满意度评价"等,这些实践误区影响了培训工作的综合效益,凸显出加强教师培训内涵建设的必要性。"培训专业化"是加强教师培训内涵建设的重要手段。我国培训专业化的发展路径当前主要是基于经验的,这不足以从本质上提升培训质量,而应以研究与培养环境建设、标准体系建设、支持和评价体系建设为路径,重点关注和解决各个环节中的"瓶颈"问题,科学、系统地提升从业机构与从业人员的专业化水准,最终使"培训"这一行业转变成为具有高度完整性和竞争力的专业。这正是基于"冰山模型"的教师培训专业化的研究与发展路线图。

The Situation and Development Road Map of In- service Teacher Training Professionalization ---Talking from the Wrong Approaches of the National Training Plan Practice

The National Training Plan, a landmark project in China, has constructed a tight management net- work, formed basic management standards, and achieved some positive results in developing teachers＇ ability. There are, however, several wrong approaches in its practical aspects, such as overemphasis on ＂expert leading＂ and ＂non -academic innovation＂ in training design and delivery, overemphasis on ＂examples of seriousness＂ in management service, overemphasis on ＂let learning happen＂ in learning support, and overemphasis on ＂satisfac- tion degree＂ in training evaluation, and etc. These wrong approaches or misunderstandings have compromised the overall efficiency, and hence necessitate in - service teacher training professionalization （TYP）. At present, the training professionalization in China is mainly developed by experience, unable to improve the training quality fun- damentally. The construction of research and cultivation environment, standards and evaluation system is the main path to breakthrough the bottleneck of teacher training professionalization This is the iceberg Model of roadmap for TTP. With these efforts, training agencies and trainers＇ professional level can be enhanced scientifically and systematically, and teacher training can finally become a highly integrated and competitive profession.