我国农村中小学撤点并校的政策变迁及其出路探寻简

2001年，国务院发布《关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》，对农村义务教育学校进行了布局调整，被称为“撤点并校”。这一政策在当时的条件下，较好地整合了教育资源，提高了办学资金的利用率，一定程度上满足了农民子女在“有学上”之后“上好学”的愿望。但是一些地方的过度集中办学也带来一定的负面影响。此政策在实施十年之后，被国务院紧急叫停，2012年11月，教育部要求各地暂停撤点并校。文章对撤点并校政策十年的变迁进行整理了分析，找到政策变迁背后的原因，为完善撤点并校政策提供合理的建议。

Research on the Policy Changes and Countermeasures of the Primary and Secondary School Distribution in China

In 2001, the State Council iss ued “the decision on reform and development of basic education”. Some rural compulsory education schools’ layout have been adjusted, known as “school layout adjustment”. This policy, under the conditions at that time, better integrating the educational resources, improving the utilization rate of funds, to some extent, met the desire of farmers’ children to get a better education. But some local governments centralized school sponsors excessively, which brings some certain negative effects. This policy was stopped by the State Council in November 2012 after an implementation of about 10 years. This paper aims to analyze the 10 years’ policy changes of the layout adjustment, find the reasons behind the change of policy, and provide reasonable suggestions to perfect this policy.