陆贾“怀道者”辨

陆贾是西汉初地主阶级政论家、思想家。他将儒家“仁”“礼”上升为“天道”的内涵,最高道德本体,提出恃“天道”而处世事的“怀道者”范畴。将“怀道者”分为君、贤二类,强调威权与仁义结合的“圣”“君”合一思想,为西汉君主专制作合法性论证。同时,陆贾又通过对“怀道者”与“避世者”的区别,批判了当时的神仙方术之士不理世事、不济国艰的道家之徒,突出表现了他的新儒家治世思想。

On Lu Jia's Theory of "Godbearer"

Lu Jia was a statesman and thinker of the landlord class in the early Western Han Dynasty.He upgraded the benevolence and courtesy of Confucianism to the connotation of the laws of nature,the highest moral noumenon,and put forward the category of "Godbearers" who communicated with others with the laws of nature.He divided "Godbearers" into two categories as gentlemen and virtuous persons,emphasizing the united thought of sage and monarch with the combination of authority and humanity,which provided the legal evidence for the kings of the Western Han Dynasty.At the same time,Lu Jia criticized then clergies for their indifference to the daily affairs,and no use of hardship of the country through comparing the Godbearers with those who tried to escape reality,which laid stress on his thought of running a state as a new Confucian.