开放式创新与吸收能力对创新绩效影响——基于我国汽车企业的实证研究

开放式创新理论认为企业利用外部技术有利于增强创新能力,但我国汽车企业经历了60余年大规模、全方位的技术引进,广泛采用了由外而内的开放式创新实践,仍然未能建立起自主创新能力。目前学术界对这一产业实践背离理论的现象还没有进行系统回答。在开放式创新影响因素研究中,对吸收能力的系统定量研究不足。本文结合汽车产业特征构建了我国汽车企业开放式创新、吸收能力与创新绩效之间作用关系的理论框架,提出相关假设。选取我国6家国有和6家民营汽车企业作为研究样本,运用Bootstrap软件对假设进行了简单中介检验和多步中介检验。实证研究发现：开放式创新不直接作用于企业的创新绩效,而是以现实吸收能力为中介影响企业的创新绩效;影响路径为“创新理念→开放程度→潜在（现实）吸收能力→创新绩效”。本研究丰富了开放创新理论,并对企业创新实践具有重要指导意义。

Impact of open innovation and absorptive capacity on innovation performance:An empirical analysis of China’s auto firms

China's auto industry has experienced more than 60 years of large-scale, full range of technology introduction, widely used in the open innovation practice, but still can not establish independent innovation ability. Maybe the reason is that China's automobile enterprises’ understanding of open innovation is still insufficient, and failed to form a sufficient absorptive capacity. This leads to the failure of changing the foreign technology and resources into their own ability and innovation output. At present, there are few researches on open innovation in automobile industry, and there is little research on the integration of open innovation and absorptive capacity. Based on the characteristics of automobile industry, this paper constructs the theoretical framework of the relationship among open innovation, absorptive capacity and innovation performance in China's automobile enterprises, and puts forward some hypotheses. In this study, 6 state-owned and 6 private automobile enterprises in China were selected as the research sample, and the Bootstrap software was used to conduct a simple intermediary test and two multi-step intermediate tests. Empirical study shows that: open innovation does not directly affect the performance of enterprises, but by the actual absorptive capacity as an intermediary impact on innovation performance. The influence path is "innovation idea → openness degree → potential (reality) absorptive capacity → innovation performance". According to the research conclusion, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to optimize the open innovation and enhance the absorptive capacity. Key words: Open innovation; Absorptive capacity; Innovation performance; Automobile enterprise