文化距离、文化严格程度与跨国知识溢出

文化距离影响跨国知识溢出的相关研究中存在大量相互矛盾的结论，且这种从价值观单一角度来理解国家文化差异的观点也受到了质疑。为此，本文借鉴知识吸收能力的相关理论来解释文化距离对跨国知识溢出的影响，并引入基于社会规范的文化严格程度概念，分别探讨知识吸收国和知识溢出国的文化严格程度与两国之间文化距离的交互作用。通过对17个国家之间专利引用的面板数据进行负二项回归分析发现，文化距离对跨国知识溢出具有显著的负向影响；知识吸收国的文化严格程度在这一关系中起到正向调节作用；知识溢出国的文化严格程度并没有起到显著的调节作用，而是对跨国知识溢出具有显著的直接负向影响。该研究为各国管理者进行跨国知识溢出决策并促进跨国知识交流提供理论参考。

Cultural Distance,Cultural Tightness and Cross-border Knowledge Spillover: The Empirical Study based on Cross-border Patent Citation Data among 17 Countries

The existing studies that cultural distance influence cross-border knowledge spillover have a large number of conflicting conclusions. Many scholars have questioned understanding national cultural differences from a single perspective of cultural values. Thus, this study explains the effect of cultural distance on cross-border knowledge spillover by learning from the relevant theories of knowledge absorptive capacity, while introduce cultural tightness based on social norms, and then respectively discuss the interaction between the cultural tightness of knowledge absorbing country, the cultural tightness of knowledge diffusing country and their cultural distance. By conducting negative binomial regression analysis using panel data of cross-border patent citation among 17 countries in 1997-2006, it is found that cultural distance has a significant negative influence on cross-border knowledge spillover, and the cultural tightness of knowledge absorbing country plays a positive moderating role in this relationship. However, the cultural tightness of knowledge diffusing country doesn’t make significant moderating effect, but impacts cross-border knowledge spillover negatively. The study provides theoretical reference for managers making decisions about cross-border knowledge spillovers and promoting innovative knowledge exchange with other countries.