驳杂与悖离:中西"疯癫"文化义涵的衍变

通过对中西疯癫认识史的考察与梳理,可以发现,"疯癫"的文化义涵是异常丰富且是处于不断变化中的。它在不同民族、不同时期的话语体系中,呈现出截然不同的面貌:它既是真理的代言者,又是愚蠢弱智的化身;既是道德的楷模,又是罪恶的源泉;既是里比多得不到释放或转移的结果,又以"失败之英雄诗"示人;既是旧道德秩序的破坏者,又会被动地纳入理性的严格管辖下成为现存秩序的附庸。总之,"疯癫"不是病理学或者医学事实,而是一种文明与文化事实,"疯癫不是自然的产物,而是文化的产物",是在人的文化观念衍变中构建出来的一套内涵驳杂且呈相互背离状态的话语。

Heterogeneousness and Paradox:the Evolution of the Cultural Connotation of "Insanity"

Through investigating and carding the understandings of insanity in Chinese and western cultures,we can find that the cultural connotation of "insanity" is extremely ample and is changing constantly.It shows itself differently in the discourses of different nations in different times.It is the mouthpiece of the truth,and at the same time the incarnation of stupidity.It is the source of evils as well as the model of morality.It is the result of unreleased libido but it is displayed as heroic poems of failures.While it destroyed the old moral order,it became a vassal of modern order under the jurisdiction of rationality.In summary,"insanity" is not a pathological or medical fact,but a fact of civilization and culture;it is not a product of nature,but of culture;it is a heterogonous but paradoxical discourse constructed in the evolution of cultural conception.