论德育课程中知识学习的定位与教学策略--兼论统编小学《道德与法治》教材对知识的处理

针对德育课程的“知识化”困境,21世纪的德育课程改革提出了“品德培养回归生活”的基本理念。虽然这一理念并未彻底否定知识学习的作用,但亟须基于此理念重新定位知识学习。在德育课程中,知识学习最终要为儿童的生活服务,应以“生活逻辑”组织不同类型的知识,知识学习的关键在于对接生活、通达意义。基于这些定位,具体的教学策略包括:在现实生活的需求中学习生活的智慧,从感性认识通达一定普遍性的“体认之知”,在体验、讨论和探究中通达“体认之知”,发掘不同类型知识的不同生活价值。

The Orientation and Teaching Strategy of Knowledge Learning in Moral Education Curriculum:Also on the Treatment of Knowledge in the Unified Textbook Morality and Law

In view of the dilemma of "knowledge-based" moral education curriculum,the curriculum reform in the 21 st century put forward the basic concept of"cultivating morality based on life".Although this concept does not completely deny the role of knowledge learning,it is urgent to reposition knowledge learning based on this concept.In moral education curriculum,knowledge learning should serve the life of children and organize different types of knowledge with"life logic".The key of knowledge learning is understanding the meaning of knowledge.Based on these positions,specific teaching strategies include learning the wisdom of life to the needs of real life,generalizing the understanding of virtue from life experience,comprehending virtue through experience,discussion and inquiry,and exploring the different life values of different types of knowledge.