人不是什么：卡西尔批判式人学观探究

人不是什么，作为卡西尔质疑西方哲学人学观的独特方式，意味着人之存在不是“形而上学”、人之本质不是“感官图式”、人之生活不是“因循守旧”。卡西尔主张把人的问题还原到人的生活世界之中，力图通过符号去领会和展开人的精神世界，认为人在劳作中不断呈现自己全新的生活。“符号宇宙”的致思理路同时启发我们，“人”所具有的历史穿透性不能停留于理性的分析，而必须立足在现实的地基之上。讨论人的问题，需要回归马克思人学思想的本意，人终究是历史行走中的人、社会生产中的人、实践创新中的人。

What a Man Is Not:Study of Cassirer's Critical Thought of Man

By asking what a man is not,Ernst Cassirer questioned western philosophy of man in a unique way,transcended the previous “metaphysical theories”about the existence of man,negated the traditional“sensual scheme about man's essential nature”,and looked into the infinite possibilities of “harmonious life of human beings”.That is Cassirer maintains that the problems of man should return to the man's life world,symbols can be applied to understand and display man's spiritual world,and man's new life can be continuously presented in work.The rationale behind the “symbol universe”meanwhile sheds light that the historical penetrativeness possessed by man cannot be simply accounted for by rational analysis,but rather by erecting on the base of reality.The discussion of the issues on man needs more practical perspective shifts since after all man is walking in the history,living in social production and creating in practice.