汶川地震灾区聚落灾后重建评价及其优化对策

在简要介绍聚落优化的内涵和原则的基础上,分析了汶川灾区聚落在重建后的显著发展：聚落空间结构上得到优化;聚落产业发展发生质的飞跃;区域特色城镇化逐渐形成.但聚落重建之后依然面临的严峻问题：一是区域生态脆弱,生态服务功能突出;二是农村聚落、部分聚落无序发展和可持续生计重视不够.为此提出聚落优化建议：发展生态旅游及相关民族文化产业,生态农业、生态能源业与生态庭院建设相结合,实施生态林业,切实建立起生态补偿体系,以森林碳汇交易作为聚落优化的重要资金来源,以巩固灾后重建的经济社会成果.

Evaluation on Settlement Reconstruction of Wenchuan Earthquake-stricken Areas and Its Optimization

After a brief introduction of the connotation and principle of the settlement reconstruction,the remarkable developments in the post-earthquake reconstruction was given a brief analysis and it is found that the spatial structure of settlements has been optimized;industrial development of settlements has undergone a substantial development;regional urbanization with unique characteristics has gradually taken shape.Yet settlements still face tough challenges after the reconstruction. Firstly,the fragile regional ecosystem and the over-emphasized eco-service function.Secondly,some of the rural settlements are developed in a disordered manner,and inadequate attention is put to the residents’sustainable livelihood.In view of the a-bove problems,some countermeasures and suggestions are made for the optimization of the settlement in earthquake-stricken areas of Wenchuan：the development of eco-tourism and related cultural industry;ecological agriculture,and the energy indus-try in combination with the ecological garden construction,the implementation of eco-forestry to establish an ecological com-pensation system;to take the forest carbon trading as the funding source for the optimization settlements to consolidate the so-cio-economic achievements of the post-disaster reconstruction.