语境研究的几种态势透析

纵观语境, 其研究呈现出几种重要态势, 即多元化、动态化与认知化。1 、多元化经历了一元化(上下文) 、二元化(语言语境、情景语境) 与三元化(语言语境、情景语境、知识语境) 的过程, 语境的多元化(或者说语境特征的细化) 有助于系统而详细地描述语境与意义之间的关系; 2 、动态化是指以动态的观点去分析与解释语境, 它反映了言语交际的实际, 也是当前的语境研究不同于传统语境研究的一个重要方面; 3 、认知语境不是指任何具体的语境, 而是具体语境的内在化、认知化, 人们在言语理解中所依赖的, 往往是这种认知语境。语境的虚拟化研究, 即视听意义上的动态语境的研究, 是一个很有潜势的课题, 但“语境学(contextology) ”建立的必要性与可能性尚待探讨。

A Probe into the Study Trends of Context

This paper holds that the current study of context falls within plurality, dynamics or cognition. 1.Plurality underwent a process of monism (co-text ),dualism (linguistic context and situational context ) and trinalism (linguistic context, situational context and encyclopedic context). The detailedness of contextual factors is helpful to describe the relation between context and meaning systemically and explicitly. 2.Dynamics means analyzing and accounting for context in a dynamic point of view. It reflects the nature of communication and the difference between traditional study and contemporary study of context 3.Cognitive context does not refer to any concrete context but the latter' cognization and internalization. Lastly, this paper believes that the study of the virtualization of context, i. e, the study of audio-visual dynamic context is very promising but the necessity and possibility of establishing the so-called "contextology" are still open to question.