张之洞从清流健将向洋务殿军转变的原因初探

张之洞在洋务运动大兴之时跻身倾向保守的清流派,但却在清流党逐步鼎盛之时,出任山西巡抚,逐渐从清流健将转向洋务殿军.在此阶段,张之洞通过与李提摩太的接触,对"西技"、"西艺"开始有了初步认识,这正是他从清流派转向洋务派的契机.张之洞将李提摩太"西化"方案中的兴办实业条款付诸实施,迈出了向洋务派转化的第一步.中法战争使张之洞直接接触到外部世界,战争的曲折艰难和令人愤懑的结局,更加速了他转向洋务派的进程.在督两广任上张之洞在粤兴办洋务,最终完成由清流健将向洋务殿军的转变.

Research on the Reason of Zhang Zhidong's Change from the Advocate of the Upright Clique to the Backbone of the Westernization Movement

At the height of the movement for foreign affairs,Zhang Zhidong ascend the advocates of the idle talk.However,at the height of the advocate of the upright clique,he accepted the imperial inspector provincial governor of Shanxi,he changed from the advocates of the upright cligue to the advocate of the westernization movement.During this period,Zhang Zhi-dong met Timothy Richard,he firstly knew the technic and the art of the West from Timothy Richard and began to change.He put Timothy Richard's plans into practice.When he accepted the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi,he initiated the movement for foreign affairs.Hence he changed from the advocate of the upright clique to the backbone of the westernization movement.